|
Theorem C.1 [Generalized Triangle Inequality]
Assume n ³ 1 is a whole number.
Further suppose for 1 £ j £
n that zj is a real (or complex) number. Then
|
ê
ê |
n
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
n
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
Proof:
For n = 1, there is nothing to do since
|
ê
ê |
1
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
= |z1|
= |
1
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
For n = 2, the triangle inequality |x+y|
£ |x|+|y|
implies
|
ê
ê |
1
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
= |z1+z2|
£ |z1|+|z2|
= |
2
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
Now suppos
|
ê
ê |
n
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
n
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
holds for n = k. We wish to show that this inequality must hold
when n = k+1. For this observe
|
k+1
å
j = 1 |
zj = |
æ
è |
k
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ö
ø |
+zk+1 |
|
The triangle inequality |x+y|
£ |x|+|y|
again implies
|
ê
ê |
k+1
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
ê
ê |
k
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
+|zk+1| |
|
But
|
ê
ê |
k
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
k
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
implies
|
ê
ê |
k
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
+|zk+1|
£ |
k
å
j = 1 |
|zj|+|zk+1| |
|
Therefore the preceding inequalities altogether imply
|
ê
ê |
k+1
å
j = 1 |
zj |
ê
ê |
£ |
k+1
å
j = 1 |
|zj| |
|
Thus the theorem holds by the principle of mathematical induction.
| |
the Real Analysis appendices of
Why Slopes
and
More Math
understanding & explaining
Reason and Math
Volume 3
Printed in Canada
ISBN 0-9697564-3-7
|
Presenting Appendices from Volume 3, Why
Slopes and More Math, If the epsilon-delta viewpoint of
limits, continuity and convergence is not yet comfortable, see Chapters 14
to 19 in Volume 3 are related.
A. What's Next B. Pigeon Hole Principle B. Bolzano-Weierstrass C1. Triangle Inequality C2. Triangle Inequality C. More T.Inequality D. Sets & Sequences D. Monotone Sequences E. Limits, Properties E Limits & Error Control F. Continuous Functions F. Closed Range Thm F. Intermediate Val. Thm F. Compactness Thm F. Equicontinuity Thm F Extreme Value Thm G. Rolle's Theorem etc G. Mean Val. Thm. G. Constant Difference Thm G. Lipschitz Continuity I PS: One Sided Range Theorems G. Velocity Revisited G. Sufficient Conditions H. Riemann Sums Conv H. Lipschitz Continuity II
Proofs of one-sided theorems could be of interest in
the study of 2D topology.
Vol 1A Logic Postscripts
online only include
Proof
by Absurdity alias proof by contradiction
How
the demand for consistency supports the law of the excluded middle
Reality
versus or with the aid of Imagination
|