Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason 
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||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||

Online Volumes (Book Orders)
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
   Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math
 Avid Readers: Try Pattern Based Reason 
chaps  1 to  17  in  Three Skills for Algebra.
More Site Areas 
1. . Solving Linear Equations  
2. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions, Units
3. Euclidean Geometry
4. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
5. Number Theory
6. Calculus Introduction
7. Complex Numbers 
8. Quebec Maths Education  
More Site Areas 
9. Secondary IV(?) maths
10. Real  Analysis 
11. LaTeX2HotEqn:
12. Electric Circuits Etc  
13. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
14  LAMP - Course re Design Plans
15. Math Education Essays
Teacher-Tutor Info & How-TOs
1. Arithmetic Reference
2. Algebra Starters 
3. More Algebra 
4. Geometry Starters
5. More Geometry
6. Calculus Modifiers 
7. Multiple Logics in Maths
8. Math Ed. Issues



YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

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Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study.

Learn to read notes and textbooks like a lawyer, so that no nuance, no subtlety and no clause escapes your attention.

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 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

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What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

Chapter 7
Elements of Algebra

2  Arithmetic & Algebra Review Problems

This large set of arithmetic and algebra review problems may help you to check or diagnose your arithmetic skills and some algebra skills as well - if you have studied algebra before. Answers will be found at the end of this book. Doing these problems and seeing their answers checks for gaps in your understanding, and may even fill some. Watch for arithmetic or algebraic patterns in the last of these "review" problems. Some calculations are slightly repetitive to help you spot such patterns.

2.5  More Arithmetic Examples

Answers are given in appendix F, part III

Answer the following without the use of a calculator.
  1. Simplify, if defined,
    A = [( 4
    5
    ) ¸( 24
    35
    )] ¸( 2
    7
    )
  2. Simplify, if defined,
    B = ( 4
    5
    ) ¸[( 24
    35
    ) ¸( 2
    7
    )]
  3. Simplify, if defined,
    C = ( 4
    5
    ) ¸( 24
    35
    ) ¸( 2
    7
    )

2.6  A Summation Shortcut

Before the shortcut is given, we will tackle two suggestive tasks. The sum of the cubes of the integers 1 to 4 is S = 1+23+33+43. Your first task is to compute S. Your second task is to compute
a = [( 1
2
)4(4+1)]2
Now compare the values of big S and little a.

Now here is the shortcut: if n is a positive integers then the sum of the cubes of the integers 1 to n is
S(n) = [ 1
2
n(n+1)]2
Why it holds is an intellectual debt: It can be justified or proven with the help of mathematical induction and the ideas in the chapter Some Finite Mathematics. With this formula (and also without if you like) find

  1. the sum of the cubes of the integers 1 to 5
  2. the sum of the cubes of the integers 1 to 15
  3. the sum of the cubes of the integers 1 to 30
In the last problem, what requires the least amount of arithmetic, use of the formula S(n) = [[1/2]n(n+1)]2 or directly adding the 30 cubes 13, 23, 33, ¼(29)3, (30)3 ?

Answers are given in appendix F, part III



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2. Three Skills for Algebra 

Foreword, Chapters 
& Appendices 

Foreword
1. Introduction
2. Implication Rules
3. Chains of Reason
4. Romeo and Juliet
4. Induction Mathematical
5 Knowledge Islands
6  Old Language
7  Arith Skill Check
7. The Next Chapters
8 The Three Skills
8 VNR-Concise-Encyclopedia
PS. What is a Variable
9. Algebra Talk
10 Two More Skills
11 Why Shorthand
12 Shorthand Usage
13 What's Next
14 Compound Interest
15 Linear Equations
PS I.  Distributive Law
PS II. Polynomials
16 Painless Proofs
17 Pythagoras
18 Rules of Algebra
19  Functions & Sets
20 Degrees & Radians
21 What's Next
22. Arith & Geometric Sums
23 Summation Notation
24 Your Money
25 Induction & Recursion
26 What's Next
27 Pronouns in Logic
28 Occurrence Tables
29 Contrapositive
30 Truth Tables
31 Indirect Reason
A. Advice For Learning

Real Player Videos

Perfect arithmetic skills with whole numbers & fractions
after or besides chapters 1 to 14.

Arithmetic Videos Summary
Addition with Decimals
Subtraction with Decimals
Multiplication with Decimals
Fraction Arithmetic
Recognizing Primes
Long Division for Decimals
Square Root Simplification
Greatest Common Divisors
Least Common Multiples

Words Before Symbols: 
What is a Variable?
Introduction
Variation between Examples

Variation of Letters

A letter denotes a variable

Cases of Double Variation

Three Notions of a Variable

Constants, Parameters
& Variables

Talking about numbers
Dependent or Independent
Variable, a Matter of Choice

Complex number: starter lesson  

Solving Linear Equations:

A. Letters and Lengths

B. & C. Solving Linear Eq'ns
with stick diagrams.

(i) x + 20 = 29
(ii) 2x + 5 = 20
(iii) 3x + 10 = 32
(iv) 5a + 16 = 3a+ 24

(v)  (½)x + 8 = 24½
(vI)  (¾)a + 16 = (¼)a+ 24
(vii) (¾)q + 17 = 32
(viii) 13 =[2/3]x +7 twice
(x) Animated Examples
(i) Integral Coefficients (A)
(ii) Integral Coefficients (B)
(iii) Fractional Coefficients

(iv) With Parameters

Problem Solving with Linear
Equations in one or many
unknowns, and in essentially 
one unknown - Symbols before
words. 


C. Solving Linear Eq'ns 
without
Stick Diagrams

D. Problems in 
essentially one unknown

E: 2D Systems - Sub Methods.
F. Larger Systems



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a 1983 McGill. Ph. D. in mathematics
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