www.whyslopes.com
Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason 
a calculus and preparation for calculus website, etc.

Online Volumes (Book Orders)
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math

Mathematics Course Designers: LAMP offers food for thought.
More Site Areas 
1. Help Your Child or Teen Learn 
2. Solving Linear Equations
3. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions & Units
4. Euclidean Geometry
5. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
6. Number Theory
7. More Calculus
More Site Areas 
8. Complex Numbers 
9. Qc Maths  Education  
10. Secondary IV(?) maths
11. Real  Analysis 
12. LaTeX2HotEqn:
13. Electric Circuits Etc  
14.  Français
15. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
More Site Areas 
16. Math Education Essays
17. Telling & Working with Time
18. Maps, Plans & Drawings
19. Quantitative Skills for  home, shopping and work 
20. Statistics Useful, or Not.
Try the
Twiddla Whiteboard
to work online with others.

||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||
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YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

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Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study.

Learn to read notes and textbooks like a lawyer, so that no nuance, no subtlety and no clause escapes your attention.

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 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

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What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

Chapter 18
Rules  for Algebra

Previous: Working with Formulas

Postscript: Abuse of Equal Sign

The equal sign = is put between two symbols or expressions to say they have the same value.

(A) Writing 5(3 *2) = 6 = 30 is wrong since 6 does not have the same value as 30. But writing 5 (3 * 2) = 5 * 6 = 30 is right.

The solution of the equation

3
4
x
3

is given by x =3. But is an error, a mistake, a major misuse of the equal sign to insert an = 3 besides the x in the above equation to obtain 

3
4

x =3
3     

in place of writing x = 3. While a person who writes 

x  = 3
3         

may mean x = 3, the expression 

x  = 3
 3         

actually means a third of x  is 3.  

Mathematics and English teachers should mark what is written, not was meant, so their students learn to write precisely. Precision is important. A person who does not write exactly what he or she means does not know how to read precisely what is written in their notes and textbooks,  and so is easily  confused.  Moreover, in mathematics, confusion about  notation, what is proper or not,  leads to errors in all calculations and in problem solving. Ouch!

2.1  Proper Use of the Equal Sign

The equal sign = can be used to say or suggest the following.
  1. two different symbols (or expressions) are shorthand for the same number and quantity.
  2. two different calculations or expressions give the same result when done, or
  3. the value of a number or quantity can be computed using another expression.
The suggestion in question can be true or false depending on circumstances. Examples follow:
4+5
=
7+2
r2
=
r·r
3x+1
=
x+7
x+4
=
x+6

The first equation or equality holds (meaning is true) since both 4+5 and 7+2 are expressions giving the value 9.

The second equation r2 = r·r always holds, no matter what value you give to r. It tells us how to compute the number or quantity described by the expression r2.

The third equation 3x+1 = x+7 holds (is true) when and only when x = 2. When x has a value other than 2, the statement (suggestion or assertion) that 3x+1 gives the same result as x+7 is false.

The fourth statement x+4 = x+6 is always false. No value given to (or substituted for) x will make this statement true. Adding 4 and adding 6 to the same number give different results, no matter what the number is.

Chapter Sections: 18 Changing Formulas ] [ 18. Proper Use of Equal Sign ] 18. Replacement & Substitution ] 18 Real Numbers & Quantities ] 18 Rules for Algebra ] 18 Sums as Factors I ] 18 Sums as Factors II ] 18 Addition Properties ] 18 Sum Associative Property ] 18 Sums and Number 0 ] 18 Replacing Subtraction by Addition ] 18 Times Properties ] 18 Sum Grouping and Ordering ] 18 Product Associative Property ] 18 Products with the Number 1 ] 18 Product Grouping and Ordering ] 18 Power Rules ] 18 To Divide, Multiply ] PS: Rules for Fractions and Division ] 18 Inconsistent Nttn ]

www.whyslopes.com
2. Three Skills for Algebra 

Foreword, Chapters 
& Appendices 

Foreword
1. Introduction
2. Implication Rules
3. Chains of Reason
4. Romeo and Juliet
4. Induction Mathematical
5 Knowledge Islands
6  Old Language
7  Arith Skill Check
7. The Next Chapters
8 The Three Skills
8 VNR-Concise-Encyclopedia
PS. What is a Variable
9. Algebra Talk
10 Two More Skills
11 Why Shorthand
12 Shorthand Usage
13 What's Next
14 Compound Interest
15 Linear Equations
PS I.  Distributive Law
PS II. Polynomials
16 Painless Proofs
17 Pythagoras
18 Rules of Algebra
19  Functions & Sets
20 Degrees & Radians
21 What's Next
22. Arith & Geometric Sums
23 Summation Notation
24 Your Money
25 Induction & Recursion
26 What's Next
27 Pronouns in Logic
28 Occurrence Tables
29 Contrapositive
30 Truth Tables
31 Indirect Reason
A. Advice For Learning

Real Player Videos

Perfect arithmetic skills with whole numbers & fractions
after or besides chapters 1 to 14.

Arithmetic Videos Summary
Addition with Decimals
Subtraction with Decimals
Multiplication with Decimals
Fraction Arithmetic
Recognizing Primes
Long Division for Decimals
Square Root Simplification
Greatest Common Divisors
Least Common Multiples

Words Before Symbols: 
What is a Variable?
Introduction
Variation between Examples

Variation of Letters

A letter denotes a variable

Cases of Double Variation

Three Notions of a Variable

Constants, Parameters
& Variables

Talking about numbers
Dependent or Independent
Variable, a Matter of Choice

Complex number: starter lesson  

Solving Linear Equations:

A. Letters and Lengths

B. & C. Solving Linear Eq'ns
with stick diagrams.

(i) x + 20 = 29
(ii) 2x + 5 = 20
(iii) 3x + 10 = 32
(iv) 5a + 16 = 3a+ 24

(v)  (½)x + 8 = 24½
(vI)  (¾)a + 16 = (¼)a+ 24
(vii) (¾)q + 17 = 32
(viii) 13 =[2/3]x +7 twice
(x) Animated Examples
(i) Integral Coefficients (A)
(ii) Integral Coefficients (B)
(iii) Fractional Coefficients

(iv) With Parameters

Problem Solving with Linear
Equations in one or many
unknowns, and in essentially 
one unknown - Symbols before
words. 


C. Solving Linear Eq'ns 
without
Stick Diagrams

D. Problems in 
essentially one unknown

E: 2D Systems - Sub Methods.
F. Larger Systems



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a 1983 McGill. Ph. D. in mathematics
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