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Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason 
a calculus, preparation for calculus and math ed reform website

Online Volumes (Book Orders)
1,  Elements of Reason.
1A. Pattern Based Reason 
1B. Math Curriculum Notes
2. Three Skills for Algebra
3. Why Slopes & More Math

 Mathematics Course Designers: LAMP offers food for thought.
More Site Areas 
1. Help Your Child or Teen Learn 
2. Solving Linear Equations
3. Fractions Ratios Rates Proportions & Units
4. Euclidean Geometry
5. Analytic Geometry/Functions 
6. Number Theory
7. More Calculus
More Site Areas 
8. Complex Numbers 
9. Qc Maths  Education  
10. Secondary IV(?) maths
11. Real  Analysis 
12. LaTeX2HotEqn:
13. Electric Circuits Etc  
14.  Français
15. Algebra, Odds & Ends, Etc
More Site Areas 
16. Math Education Essays
17. Telling & Working with Time
18. Maps, Plans & Drawings
19. Quantitative Skills for  home, shopping and work 
20. Statistics Useful, or Not.

||Définition d'une variable || Algèbre || Arithmetique || Logique ||La raison basée sur les règles et modelés||
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YOU are better than YOU think. Show yourself  how:  

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Learn to read notes and textbooks like a lawyer, so that no nuance, no subtlety and no clause escapes your attention.

Read  logic chapters 1 to 5  in online volume Three Skills for Algebra  for greater skills & confidence in  work 
and study

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 Logic chapters 1 to 5  re- appear not in sequence, as is or longer,  in  Volume 1A,  Pattern Based Reason, Bon Appetite.

Logic Mastery
 Amazing, Amusing, Amorous,  Delicious, Delightful, Edifying, Strengthening Elixir. 
It eases work & learning difficulties Makes the hard easier. Opens eyes. Leads to greater precision.
in reading and
writing

Logic mastery makes the hard, easier. Logic mastery  leads to better, stronger and richer comprehension.  Logic mastery  improves reading and writing.  Logic mastery ease learning difficulties.  Logic mastery gives a headstart.  In sum, logic mastery  will develops critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and give a firmer base for work and studies at many levels. Good luck.


After logic  (a) continue reading Three Skills for Algebra, chapters 8 to 14  and do so alongside site area on solving liinear Equations ; or (b) see this calculus starter lesson and Volume 3, Why Slopes  & More Math, chapters 2 to 6;

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Caution: Site advice is approximately correct, for some circumstances, not all. That leaves room for thought

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What may be learnt and when depends on how skills and concepts are developed. Making the hard easier and clearer will allow earlier & richer development of skills and concepts.


Try the Twiddla Whiteboard. In principle, it  allows to people to draw and chat together online on a copy of this webpage or a clean sheet. The chat may be via text or audio.  Visit www.twiddla.com to set up whiteboards to work with the webpage of your choice.

For online automated help in senior high school maths & calculus, visit  quickmath.com  For Automatic Calculus and Algebra Help with derivatives, integrals, graphs, linear equations, matrix algebra, visit calc101.com  With  overlap, each site quickmath & calc101offers a different range of services, some free, some not, all based on webmathematica. Good luck.

More Algebra Hints

4 Square Root Simplification

The simplification is shown with or without the use of primes. Here computation may equal not the decimal approximation but the algebraic or cosmetic simplification of square roots. The examples below show how factorization and prime decomposition, together or not, may be used in the simplification process and also providing a stopping rule.

Real Player Videos  give more examples. View them before, after besides the text below. 

Square Roots of Whole Numbers without a calculator

If you have a calculator, you may compute or represent the square root of a number exactly or approximately. But in algebraic calculations (or shorthand mathematical reasoning with letters and symbols), approximations are to be avoided.  The latter may be done using the following methods. Some of these methods are cosmetic. But their use leads to a common or standard form for expressions involving square roots.

Irreducible Case - Leave as is

If h is prime or a product of primes to the first power then no simplification of the square root

   __
Ö h

is possible. Leave as is.

Reducible Case if h is a perfect square

If h = n2 and n > 0 then 

  __
Ö h
  = n  

Examples

  __
Ö 9
  = 3              ___
Ö 25
  = 5                  ____
Ö 169
  = 13  

Combined Case

h = a2b is a product of a perfect square a and another number b which may or not be irreducible.

For a > 0 and b > 0,

  __
Ö h

=
  ___
Ö a2b
  =      __
Öb

Examples

  ____
Ö 500
  =      ______
Ö (100)5
= 10    __
Ö 5
  ____
Ö 27
  =      ______
Ö 323
= 3    __
Ö 3
  _____
Ö 1200
  =      _______
Ö (100)12
= 10    ___
Ö 12
         ___ 
But Ö 12
  =      ____
Ö 223
= 2 

   __
Ö 3

Therefore 

  _____
Ö 1200
= 10   __
Ö12
= 10(2    __
Ö 3 )
= 20    __
Ö 3

Simplification Revisited

If h = a2b where the prime factorization of b only includes primes, but no powers of primes (other than 1). Then

  ___
Ö a2b
  =      __
Öb

Example

h= 1500 = 500*3 = 3*22*53 = = 3*22*52*5= (22*52) 3*5 = (2*5)23*5

gives 

  ____
Ö1500
  =    2*5    ___
Ö3*5
  =    10    __
Ö15

More Simplifications:

For a > 0, b > 0 and c > 0,

  _____
Ö a2b2c
  =    ab    __
Ö c

Example

  _____
Ö 1200
= 10   _______
Ö100*4*3
= (10*2)    __
Ö 3 )
= 20    __
Ö 3

Suppose h = a2b where the prime factorization of b only includes primes, but no powers of primes (other than 1). 

Videos

  1. [Play Video] 5 minutes - Calculation of Squares and Square Roots for Natural Numbers without and with decimal approximations. Exact representation of square roots without approximation requires not using a calculating. That is important in algebra - the statement and derivation of formulas.
  2. [Play Video] 1¾ minutes - How to Compute Square Roots by Factorization
  3. [Play Video] 3 minutes - Computational Properties - More on square computation by factorization.
  4. [Play Video] 3 minutes - Examples of square root computation by factorization.
  5. [Play Video]3¾ minutes -  Examples of square root computation by prime factorization.

In algebra, this simplification rewrites square roots in a standard form, a standard that may lead to a common representation of square roots of whole numbers when they appear in formulas and the derivation or justification of formulas.

 

www.whyslopes.com
Algebra, Odds & Ends,


1. Hints for Exams
2A. Exact Arithmetic
2B. Fractions Briefly
3. What is a Variable?
4.. Square Roots
5. Straight Lines
6. Problem Solving Methods
7. Trig and Complex No.
8. Complex Applet
9. History of No.s
10. ln(x) and exp(x)
13. Rename the > Sign
14. Problems: Quadratics
15. Problems: Algebra Test
16. Problems: Linear Eqns I
17. Problems: Linear Eqns II
18. Problem Solving Hints
19. Functions & Sets
20. Independent Variables
21. Why Logic
22. Why Math
23. The 15 Times Table
24.  The  20 Times Table
25. Algebra Formulas
26. On Learning Maths
27. Maths in Biology
28. Navigation +Time
29 Quibble-What is Algebra
30. Logic in Maths


Odd and Ends, Essays

Constant Retirement Rate
Road Safety
3 Strikes Law in California.
Math HOW-TOs
9 Steps in Maths

Twiddle this page! Study With Others: twiddla.com has developed a collaborative whiteboard with audio & text chat that allows students, tutors & teachers to explore & scribble on blank pages and copies of  webpages together,  If scribbling is awkward with one browser, try another.


In Volume 2, Three Skills for Algebra, Chapters 8  to 14 and postscript What is a Variable point to a greater & clear use of words in algebra. Chapter 14 introduces a 4th skill for algebra, an  elaboration of  the third: - The direct and indirect use of formulas, numerically and algebraically, is unifying theme that should be mentioned aloud, with words, in each and every use of formula. 

 


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a 1983 McGill. Ph. D. in mathematics
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