Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics & Reason Français: 26 pages
A 1100+ page site with math-free logic chapters and wordy algebra chapters.
For comprehension, study site chapters and steps. Go beyond rote learning.

Logic mastery strengthens comprehension and so improves home, work & study abilities .
Logic 5 Chapters Arithmetic 10 Steps Algebra 12 Starter Steps & 5 Advanced Steps
Work & Study 23 Tips Geometry 15 Steps Calculus 70 Lessons

Ages 15+: Why study slopes Polynomials Quadratics Why factor polynomials Logarithms Functions
What is similarity Euclidean geometry leanly Coordinates + complex no.s Vectors DC Electric Circuits

Ages 14+: Prime factorization Written work formats Decimal place value Extend arithmetic skills orally
What is a variable 5 fraction operations by raising terms Solving Linear Equations: Take I Take II

Online Volumes: 1 - Elements of Reason, 2 - 3 Skills For Algebra, 3 - Why Slopes and
More Math
, 1A - Pattern Based Reason, 1B - Skill Development Principles + Troubles
Forewords + leading chapters give original reasons, still valid, for site content & growth.

Site Review: Mathphobics, this site may ease your fears of the subject, perhaps even help you njoy it. ... unintimidating, sometimes funny and very clear. ... . Read all. Continue with Volume 2, Three Skill for Algebra.

Site Review. Math resources ... span ... arithmetic, logic, algebra, calculus, complex numbers, and Euclidean geometry. Lessons and how-tos .... provide a good foundation ... Read all. See site books as well.

Teachers & Tutors: Site material uniquely explains common troubles in terms of steps too large or missing. Plus, this December 2011, 5-phase framework offers a context for mathematics & logic education. Phases 1 to 3 may focus on skills with actual or potential local value for adult & daily life. College-oriented phases 5 & 4 focus on calculus & preparation for it. Phases 1 to 4 may also serve trades & professions not dependent on calculus.

Location: Site Entrance << Volume 1A Pattern Based Reason


Volume 1A Pattern Based Reason

     Foreword
     Three Remarks
     Chapter 1 Introduction
     Chapter 2 Skill Development
     Chapter 3 What is in chapters 4 to 8
     Chapter 4 Implication Rules - Forwards and Backwards
     Chapter 5 Deception
     Chapter 6 Chains of Reason
     Chapter 7 Longer Chains of Reason
     Chapter 8 Change of Language
     Chapter 9 What-is-in-Chapters-10-to-18
     Chapter 10 Responsibility
     Chapter 11 Accidental Patterns
     Chapter 12 Islands-and-Divisions-of-Knowledge
     Chapter 13 Geometric-Thinking-Euclidean-Model-For-Reason
     Chapter 14 Deductive-and-Empirical-Views-of-Mathematics
     Chapter 15 Objective-Processes
     Chapter 16 Origins-and-Limitations-of-Rules-and-Patterns
     Chapter 17 Objective-Ways Trial and Error Discovery
     Chapter 18 Sense-and-Knowledge
     Chapter 19 What-is-in-chapters-20-to-24
     Chapter 20 Shorthand-Symbols-as-Pronouns
     Chapter 21 Occurrence-Tables
     Chapter 22 Contrapositive and Vacuously True Implications
     Chapter 23 Truth Tables
     Chapter 24 Direct-and-Indirect-Reason
     Postscript A Story-Telling
     Postscript B More-on-Story-Telling-and-Reason
     Postscript C Consistency-as-a-Tool-for-Reason
     Postscript D Reflections-on-Law-of-the-Excluded-Middle

Foreword

This work Pattern Based Reason surveys rule and pattern based thought in daily life, society, science and technology. There are simple ideas which should be more widely known.

The first chapters below show how reliable implication rules can be employed one at a time or one after another to arrive at conclusions. These chapters are very simple. Mastery of their ideas will serve well all students of logic.

Pattern
Based
Reason

understanding and explaining
reason and math
Volume 1A

by
Alan M. Selby
Ph. D.

Printed in Canada
ISBN 0-9697564-5-3

The middle chapters describe or survey the origins, discovery and applications of rules and patterns. Not all is certain. Further data to use with them may be missing or not available. In the middle chapters, the problem of identifying reliable knowledge is described, but not solved, except for an explanation of the empirical method of coping. The identification problem touches many subjects. Students of critical thinking, persuasion, philosophy, mathematics, science and technology should find its discussion helpful.

The last chapters in this book show how the common concepts of a rule being obeyed, disobeyed or not disobeyed may justify or explain or provide a context for the entries in truth tables for material implication. Some symbols appear in the discussion of logic. All may be regarded as substitutes for the pronoun IT. The last chapter describes indirect methods for using implication rules to arrive at conclusions - a subject of interest to mathematics students and perhaps readers of detective mysteries.

Alan Selby
Montreal 1996

Selby, Alan M,
Understanding and Explaining reason and math
Contents: v. 1. Elements of Reason - v. 2. Three Skills
for algebra - v.3. Why Slopes and more math.
ISBN 0-9697564-4-5 (set) -
ISBN 0-9697564-1-0 (v. 1) -
ISBN 0-9697564-2-9 (v. 2) -
ISBN 0-9697564-3-7 (v. 3) -
1. Mathematics–Philosophy. 2. Reason.
3. Algebra. 4. Calculus. I. Title. II. Title: Elements of reason. III.Three
Skills for algebra. IV. Title: Why Slopes and more math.
QA8.4.S44 1995 510’.1 C95-900945-0

Note: Volume 1 consists of Volumes 1A and 1B bound together with a foreword to introduce both and volumes 2 and 3.

Selby A, Volume 1A, Pattern Based Reason, 1996.

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Parents: Help your child or teen learn:

Parent-friendly Work Booklets for ages 3+ to 13 Use these or others to check or build skills.

Mathematics Skills For Ages 3 to 14

Skills with take home value

Basic skills include time-date-calendar Matters; money matters; map, plan and scale diagram matters;counting, measuring and figuring; decision making with logic and likelyhood; being careful and being aware of the domino effect of mistakes; reading and writing with precision.

Is your child able to add, subtract and multiply amounts of money, work with fractions, work with clocks and calendars, work with maps and plans, and measure length, weight-mass and volume? Schools may promote your son or daughter without providing basic skills in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills

Algebra Starter Lessons

1 Working With Sets
2 Formula Forward Use - Evaluation
3 Solving Linear Equations - Skip first step with students able to solve 1 eqn in 1 unknown.
4 Computation Rules and Function Notation
5 Real Numbers
6 More Less Greater Than Inequalities and Comparison
7 Axioms Logic and Equivalent Equations
8 Unifying Theme For Algebra
9 Proportionality Backwards and Forwards
10 Examples of Algebraic Reasoning
A Origins of Counting and Figuring Methods
B Real Numbers Extrinsic Development


Site coverage of formuala evaluation format, of computation rules and axioms, and of the forward and backward use of formulas and proportionality relations lessens the amount of natural talent needed to understand and explain algebra.

Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors

1 Maps Plans Measurement
2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions + extras
3 Cartesian and Polar Coordinates
4 Lines and Slopes Take 1
5 What is Similarity
6 Trigonometry first steps
7 Complex Numbers
8 Unit-Circle Trigonometry
9 Lines and Slopes Take 2 with tangent function
10 Intersecting Straight Lines and Transversals
11 Parallel Straight Lines and Transversals
12 Function Translating and Rescaling
13 Vectors
14 Degrees to Radians and Radians to Degrees
15 Arc or Inverse Trigonometric Function

Pre-Teen and young teen mastery of skills and practices which should be common with map-plans-diagrams drawn to scale, contour interpretation included, has actual or potential take-home value for daily- and adult-life in solving routine problems. Elevating some practices to principles, axioms or postualates, provides a base for analytic and Euclidean geometry, an analytic view of similarity, and an efficient mastery of trigonometry and complex numbers. Right triangle trigonometry provide an analytic alternative to solving geometric problems by drawing diagrams to scale.

More Algebra

Natural-Logarithms Exponentials Powers Roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions
5 Factored Polynomial Sign Analysis Examples
Rewriting algebraic substitution as function substitutions

The first topic leads to a full high school level theory for the forward and backward mastery of growth and decay models and for definition, range and domains of radicals, roots and powers. The next two topics make quadratics and polynomials easier to learn and teach. Site coverage of functions turns vertical and horizontal line rules into computation methods for evaluating functions.

70 Calculus Starter Lessons


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Location: Site Entrance << Volume 1A Pattern Based Reason


Logic-Reason for all
Careful Thinking
Chains of Reason
Mathematical Induction
Responsibility
Bodies-of-Knowledge

Arithmetic - Ages 10+
1. Deciml Place Value - fun
2. Decimals for Tutors
3. Prime Factors - quickly
4. Fractions + Ratios
5. Arith with units - science

Geometry
1 Maps + Plans Use
2 Euclidean Geometry
3 Rct +Polr Coordinates
4 Lines-Slopes [I]
5. What is Similarity
Algebra Starters - the base
1. Better Work Format
2. Solve Linear Eqns
3. Computation Rules
4. Axioms, Item 3 Viewpnt
5. Formulas Backwards
More Algebra
Logarithms-ax & m/nth roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions || Vectors too
Arith. Skill Check+Answers
Calculus Prep/Preview
What is a Variable
Why study slopes
Why factor polynomials
Complex Numbers
Limits + Continuity

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