Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics & Reason Français: 26 pages
A 1100+ page site with math-free logic chapters and wordy algebra chapters.
For comprehension, study site chapters and steps. Go beyond rote learning.

Logic mastery strengthens comprehension and so improves home, work & study abilities .
Logic 5 Chapters Arithmetic 10 Steps Algebra 12 Starter Steps & 5 Advanced Steps
Work & Study 23 Tips Geometry 15 Steps Calculus 70 Lessons

Ages 15+: Why study slopes Polynomials Quadratics Why factor polynomials Logarithms Functions
What is similarity Euclidean geometry leanly Coordinates + complex no.s Vectors DC Electric Circuits

Ages 14+: Prime factorization Written work formats Decimal place value Extend arithmetic skills orally
What is a variable 5 fraction operations by raising terms Solving Linear Equations: Take I Take II

Online Volumes: 1 - Elements of Reason, 2 - 3 Skills For Algebra, 3 - Why Slopes and
More Math
, 1A - Pattern Based Reason, 1B - Skill Development Principles + Troubles
Forewords + leading chapters give original reasons, still valid, for site content & growth.

Site Review: Mathphobics, this site may ease your fears of the subject, perhaps even help you njoy it. ... unintimidating, sometimes funny and very clear. ... . Read all. Continue with Volume 2, Three Skill for Algebra.

Site Review. Math resources ... span ... arithmetic, logic, algebra, calculus, complex numbers, and Euclidean geometry. Lessons and how-tos .... provide a good foundation ... Read all. See site books as well.

Teachers & Tutors: Site material uniquely explains common troubles in terms of steps too large or missing. Plus, this December 2011, 5-phase framework offers a context for mathematics & logic education. Phases 1 to 3 may focus on skills with actual or potential local value for adult & daily life. College-oriented phases 5 & 4 focus on calculus & preparation for it. Phases 1 to 4 may also serve trades & professions not dependent on calculus.

Location: Site Entrance < Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors << 2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions Theory extras


2 Euclidean Geometry Constructions Theory extras

     Short Course on Euclidean Geometry
     1 Initial Concepts and Terms
     2 Correspondence between Triangles
     3 Isometry of Triangles - Congruence
     4 Side Side Side
     5 Side Angle Side
     6 Ruler and compass Angle Bisection
     7 Angle Side Angle
     8 Isoceles Triangles
     9 Construction of a right bisector
     10 Dropping a perpendicular to line
     11 Triangle Construction Fails
     12 Side Angle Side Failure
     13 Angle Side Angle Failure
     14 Parallel Lines Postulate
     15 Triangle Angle Sum is 180 degrees
     16 Angles Subtended By Chords and Diameters
     17 Right Bisectors of Triangle Sides
     18 Triangle Similarity Take 1
     19 Right Triangle Similarity
     21 Parallelograms
     PS A Kite Construction Methods
     PS B Parallelogram Construction Methods
     PS C Similarity Use - Recognize it in Trigonometry
     PS D Addition with Cartesian Coordinates
     PS E Multiplication with Polar Coordinates
     PS F Scalar Multiplication Distributes over Addition
     PS G Rotation Distributes over Addition
     PS H Distributive Law For Complex Numbers
     Euclidean Geometry Elsewhere - LINKS

Euclidean Geometry

Euclid about 300 BC in his elements produced a codification of geometry before the invention of coordinates by Renes Descartes 1800 year later. Knowledge of Geometry before coordinates may be employed in the development of geometry with coordinates.

This area on Euclidean Geometry on geometry before coordinates offers thought-based explanation of the following. Try to read them in sequence. There is more to Euclidean Geometry than this, but the following elements cover the least amount possible for the following site development of analytic geometry and trigonometry.

  1. Common Terms and Vocubulary: Points, lines, rays, line segments.
  2. Correspondence between triangles. Here is an explicit definition, not always seen in class.
  3. Isometry of Triangles - Here is a definition.
  4. Side-Side-Side (SSs) method for triangle construction and SSS like method for locating point.
  5. Side Angle Side (SAS) method plus an application
    Ruler and Compass Construction to Bisect an Angle
  6. Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)method, and ASA-like method for determining current location in navigation.
  7. Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles plus applications: Construction and Characterization of a Right Bisector of a Line Segment and Ruler and Compass Construction of a Perpendicular from a Point to a line (with properties of such perpendiculars)
  8. Side-Side-Side Failure
  9. SAS Failure or Near Failure
  10. ASA Failure - links with the parallel postulate
  11. Parallel Lines - and angles associated with a transversal.
  12. Triangle Angle Sum is 180 degrees - from the parallel postulate
  13. Angles in Circles Easy Consequences of Properties of Isosceles Triangle
  14. Drawing Circles through the vertices of Triangles with right bisectors
  15. Similarity and Minimal Conditions for
  16. Trig Ratios for Similar Right Triangles
  17. Parallelograms and their Properties
  18. Kite Construction from triangles - Reflection Across a side
  19. Parallelogram Construction from triangles - Half-revolution about the center of a side.

See annotated guide below for the above steps in geometry.

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Parents: Help your child or teen learn:

Parent-friendly Work Booklets for ages 3+ to 13 Use these or others to check or build skills.

Mathematics Skills For Ages 3 to 14

Skills with take home value

Basic skills include time-date-calendar Matters; money matters; map, plan and scale diagram matters;counting, measuring and figuring; decision making with logic and likelyhood; being careful and being aware of the domino effect of mistakes; reading and writing with precision.

Is your child able to add, subtract and multiply amounts of money, work with fractions, work with clocks and calendars, work with maps and plans, and measure length, weight-mass and volume? Schools may promote your son or daughter without providing basic skills in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills

Algebra Starter Lessons

1 Working With Sets
2 Formula Forward Use - Evaluation
3 Solving Linear Equations - Skip first step with students able to solve 1 eqn in 1 unknown.
4 Computation Rules and Function Notation
5 Real Numbers
6 More Less Greater Than Inequalities and Comparison
7 Axioms Logic and Equivalent Equations
8 Unifying Theme For Algebra
9 Proportionality Backwards and Forwards
10 Examples of Algebraic Reasoning
A Origins of Counting and Figuring Methods
B Real Numbers Extrinsic Development


Site coverage of formuala evaluation format, of computation rules and axioms, and of the forward and backward use of formulas and proportionality relations lessens the amount of natural talent needed to understand and explain algebra.

Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors

1 Maps Plans Measurement
2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions + extras
3 Cartesian and Polar Coordinates
4 Lines and Slopes Take 1
5 What is Similarity
6 Trigonometry first steps
7 Complex Numbers
8 Unit-Circle Trigonometry
9 Lines and Slopes Take 2 with tangent function
10 Intersecting Straight Lines and Transversals
11 Parallel Straight Lines and Transversals
12 Function Translating and Rescaling
13 Vectors
14 Degrees to Radians and Radians to Degrees
15 Arc or Inverse Trigonometric Function

Pre-Teen and young teen mastery of skills and practices which should be common with map-plans-diagrams drawn to scale, contour interpretation included, has actual or potential take-home value for daily- and adult-life in solving routine problems. Elevating some practices to principles, axioms or postualates, provides a base for analytic and Euclidean geometry, an analytic view of similarity, and an efficient mastery of trigonometry and complex numbers. Right triangle trigonometry provide an analytic alternative to solving geometric problems by drawing diagrams to scale.

More Algebra

Natural-Logarithms Exponentials Powers Roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions
5 Factored Polynomial Sign Analysis Examples
Rewriting algebraic substitution as function substitutions

The first topic leads to a full high school level theory for the forward and backward mastery of growth and decay models and for definition, range and domains of radicals, roots and powers. The next two topics make quadratics and polynomials easier to learn and teach. Site coverage of functions turns vertical and horizontal line rules into computation methods for evaluating functions.

70 Calculus Starter Lessons


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Location: Site Entrance < Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors << 2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions Theory extras


Logic-Reason for all
Careful Thinking
Chains of Reason
Mathematical Induction
Responsibility
Bodies-of-Knowledge

Arithmetic - Ages 10+
1. Deciml Place Value - fun
2. Decimals for Tutors
3. Prime Factors - quickly
4. Fractions + Ratios
5. Arith with units - science

Geometry
1 Maps + Plans Use
2 Euclidean Geometry
3 Rct +Polr Coordinates
4 Lines-Slopes [I]
5. What is Similarity
Algebra Starters - the base
1. Better Work Format
2. Solve Linear Eqns
3. Computation Rules
4. Axioms, Item 3 Viewpnt
5. Formulas Backwards
More Algebra
Logarithms-ax & m/nth roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions || Vectors too
Arith. Skill Check+Answers
Calculus Prep/Preview
What is a Variable
Why study slopes
Why factor polynomials
Complex Numbers
Limits + Continuity

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