Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics & Reason Français: 26 pages
A 1100+ page site with math-free logic chapters and wordy algebra chapters.
For comprehension, study site chapters and steps. Go beyond rote learning.

Logic mastery strengthens comprehension and so improves home, work & study abilities .
Logic 5 Chapters Arithmetic 10 Steps Algebra 12 Starter Steps & 5 Advanced Steps
Work & Study 23 Tips Geometry 15 Steps Calculus 70 Lessons

Ages 15+: Why study slopes Polynomials Quadratics Why factor polynomials Logarithms Functions
What is similarity Euclidean geometry leanly Coordinates + complex no.s Vectors DC Electric Circuits

Ages 14+: Prime factorization Written work formats Decimal place value Extend arithmetic skills orally
What is a variable 5 fraction operations by raising terms Solving Linear Equations: Take I Take II

Online Volumes: 1 - Elements of Reason, 2 - 3 Skills For Algebra, 3 - Why Slopes and
More Math
, 1A - Pattern Based Reason, 1B - Skill Development Principles + Troubles
Forewords + leading chapters give original reasons, still valid, for site content & growth.

Site Review: Mathphobics, this site may ease your fears of the subject, perhaps even help you njoy it. ... unintimidating, sometimes funny and very clear. ... . Read all. Continue with Volume 2, Three Skill for Algebra.

Site Review. Math resources ... span ... arithmetic, logic, algebra, calculus, complex numbers, and Euclidean geometry. Lessons and how-tos .... provide a good foundation ... Read all. See site books as well.

Teachers & Tutors: Site material uniquely explains common troubles in terms of steps too large or missing. Plus, this December 2011, 5-phase framework offers a context for mathematics & logic education. Phases 1 to 3 may focus on skills with actual or potential local value for adult & daily life. College-oriented phases 5 & 4 focus on calculus & preparation for it. Phases 1 to 4 may also serve trades & professions not dependent on calculus.

Location: Site Entrance << Mathematics Skills Year by Year


Mathematics Skills Year by Year

     Objectives for Mathematics and Logic-Language Skill Development
     Ages 3 to 14 Terminal Objectives for Algebra Geometry and Probability
     Ages 3 to 14 Terminal Objectives for Arithmetic and Statistics

     Ages 3 plus to 4 plus
     Ages 4 plus to 5 plus
     Ages 6 to 7
     Ages 7 to 8
     Ages 8 to 9
     Ages 9 to 10
     Ages 10 to 12 Arithmetic
     Ages 10 to 12 Geometry
     Ages 12 to 14 Arithmetic
     Ages 12 to 14 Geometry
     Ages 12 to 14 Skills with take home value

"Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?"
"That depends a good deal on where you want to get to," said the Cat.
"I don't much care where--" said Alice.
"Then it doesn't matter which way you go," said the Cat.
"--so long as I get SOMEWHERE," Alice added as an explanation.
"Oh, you're sure to do that," said the Cat, "if you only walk long enough."
(Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Chapter 6)

From Practice to Theory- Weaving A Web

In general, the aim of primary and secondary mathematics education for those who want skills with take home value is to provide a consistent web of inter-related and interdependent skills, practices, rule and patterns, with an emphasis on showing work for the sake of observable and verifiable abilties and results, with explanations given as needed for the latter to occur. Following that, after an initial development of logic, algebra and geometric skills and practices, the deductive or axiomatic organization of the web may be introduced and developed, with some practices familar or self-evident through experience taken as axioms - assumed patterns. There-in lies an alternate vision for mathematics education, one that teachers and education committees needs to learn and take as a lower bound for instruction. Within this framework, there is room for discussion of what content or skills to include in developing decimal skills and beyond. It the objective is to provide an operatinal command, a spanning subset of the skills and practices may be sufficient for most, with study and skill perfection left aa an option, one supported in pages offline and on.

Use Site Ideas With Caution

Each year of mathematics instruction has skill and practice development objectives. Those objectives may vary with the school or college program followed. Students, tutors and teachers may guide their efforts by identifying from course outlines and previous final examinations which skills and practices, which rules and patterns need to be mastered. The aim of studies and instruction is not to identify skills and practices not alone but with methods for showing mastery. In mathematics especially, the ability to do and record steps of methods and practices in a ways that can be seen and corrected as done or later by the doer, a fellow student or instructor sets the stage for observable and verifiable skill development. In this matter it is cruel to be kind. Parents, tutors and teacher need to tell students, we can not see nor check what is in your mind, you need to show work for marks and more importantly for your skill to be seen and confirmed or corrected. Skill needs to be seen.

Site material contains many ideas and lessons for skill development. Site description of mathematics skills for ages 3+ to 14 provides a model for what might be taught and when. The model itself is a guideline. It pacing and selection of material is likely to conflict with some or many elements of your school requirements for each age level. Do not replace local skill development aims and requirement by site suggestions for each. Different school systems will cover the same or similar material at rates. You task is to identify site ideas and lessons that might assist the meeting locally needs.


Primary and Junior High School Mathematics

Folder webpages essentially provide a year-by-year model of what might be taught and when. The key idea is that earlier provide a base for later ones. Respecting that dependence, and not rushing instruction since that may overwhelm students appears to tbe main constraint. In each year of arithmetic and other areas, the accumulation of skills implies more variation in content is possible in the following years. The distribution of skills among age groups is an estimate based on a reading of other course designs and common work exercise booklets available in Montreal and Toronto. Hopefully the model will do no harm.

Since my teenager years, I have been attracted by the deductive and axiomatic development of mathematics or its subjects. But in retrospect, my education in primary school mathematics was incomplete in that I met and learnt methods without fully understanding why they worked. That attraction, the idea that mathematics instruction should be deductive motivated the thought-based development and exploration of mathematics in site pages.

Until recently, whenever I entered the mathematics classroom, I felt my instruction was incomplete if I did not explain why the mathematical methods met in a course held. But mathematics can be mastered at two levels. The higher level consists of comprehension, in all or part, of why mathematical work. The base level consists of a mechanical mastery of methods, by rote, in a way that leads to calculations and figuring that can be done and recorded step by step for confirmation or correction. Before any efficient, deductive and algebraic Euclidean style, axiomatic development of mathematics, students have to master deduction and algebra. Thus an Euclidean account is inaccessible without mastery and appreciation of both deduction and algebra.

The first several years of mathematics instruction may focus on skill and practice mastery, with full comprehension optionals, but with mastery being observable and when applied without errors, leading to repeatable and reproducible steps and results. In this skill and practice development, methods to follow may be instroduced or shown by example. Over time, the inter-relationships between methods may be seen, with some implying others. In general, an operational and empirical command of a subject does not require a lean axiomatization of the subject, with skill and concept derived from a minimal set of rules and patterns.

For common needs and the common person in the street, when the aim is an operational command of a subject, instruction and course design may aim to present a web of consistent rules and patterns, a web clearly described and easily understood and repeated, a web that does not have to be derived from a minimal collection of assumed rules and patterns. Such derivation may be left to those students willing to adopt some of the ends and values of pure matheamtics.

The web we want to weave in mathematics will however set the stage for such a derivation while focusing on common needs first, and others needs such as preparation for college studies, second. The axiomization of an art or discipline with prior empirically developed rule, patterns or practices, may elevate some practices to the state of axioms for the sake of an deductive codification and arrangement of islands and bodies of knowledge within a web or subweb.

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Road Safety Messages. First Question: When and why should you face traffic?

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Parents: Help your child or teen learn:

Parent-friendly Work Booklets for ages 3+ to 13 Use these or others to check or build skills.

Mathematics Skills For Ages 3 to 14

Skills with take home value

Basic skills include time-date-calendar Matters; money matters; map, plan and scale diagram matters;counting, measuring and figuring; decision making with logic and likelyhood; being careful and being aware of the domino effect of mistakes; reading and writing with precision.

Is your child able to add, subtract and multiply amounts of money, work with fractions, work with clocks and calendars, work with maps and plans, and measure length, weight-mass and volume? Schools may promote your son or daughter without providing basic skills in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills

Algebra Starter Lessons

1 Working With Sets
2 Formula Forward Use - Evaluation
3 Solving Linear Equations - Skip first step with students able to solve 1 eqn in 1 unknown.
4 Computation Rules and Function Notation
5 Real Numbers
6 More Less Greater Than Inequalities and Comparison
7 Axioms Logic and Equivalent Equations
8 Unifying Theme For Algebra
9 Proportionality Backwards and Forwards
10 Examples of Algebraic Reasoning
A Origins of Counting and Figuring Methods
B Real Numbers Extrinsic Development


Site coverage of formuala evaluation format, of computation rules and axioms, and of the forward and backward use of formulas and proportionality relations lessens the amount of natural talent needed to understand and explain algebra.

Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors

1 Maps Plans Measurement
2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions + extras
3 Cartesian and Polar Coordinates
4 Lines and Slopes Take 1
5 What is Similarity
6 Trigonometry first steps
7 Complex Numbers
8 Unit-Circle Trigonometry
9 Lines and Slopes Take 2 with tangent function
10 Intersecting Straight Lines and Transversals
11 Parallel Straight Lines and Transversals
12 Function Translating and Rescaling
13 Vectors
14 Degrees to Radians and Radians to Degrees
15 Arc or Inverse Trigonometric Function

Pre-Teen and young teen mastery of skills and practices which should be common with map-plans-diagrams drawn to scale, contour interpretation included, has actual or potential take-home value for daily- and adult-life in solving routine problems. Elevating some practices to principles, axioms or postualates, provides a base for analytic and Euclidean geometry, an analytic view of similarity, and an efficient mastery of trigonometry and complex numbers. Right triangle trigonometry provide an analytic alternative to solving geometric problems by drawing diagrams to scale.

More Algebra

Natural-Logarithms Exponentials Powers Roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions
5 Factored Polynomial Sign Analysis Examples
Rewriting algebraic substitution as function substitutions

The first topic leads to a full high school level theory for the forward and backward mastery of growth and decay models and for definition, range and domains of radicals, roots and powers. The next two topics make quadratics and polynomials easier to learn and teach. Site coverage of functions turns vertical and horizontal line rules into computation methods for evaluating functions.

70 Calculus Starter Lessons


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Location: Site Entrance << Mathematics Skills Year by Year


Logic-Reason for all
Careful Thinking
Chains of Reason
Mathematical Induction
Responsibility
Bodies-of-Knowledge

Arithmetic - Ages 10+
1. Deciml Place Value - fun
2. Decimals for Tutors
3. Prime Factors - quickly
4. Fractions + Ratios
5. Arith with units - science

Geometry
1 Maps + Plans Use
2 Euclidean Geometry
3 Rct +Polr Coordinates
4 Lines-Slopes [I]
5. What is Similarity
Algebra Starters - the base
1. Better Work Format
2. Solve Linear Eqns
3. Computation Rules
4. Axioms, Item 3 Viewpnt
5. Formulas Backwards
More Algebra
Logarithms-ax & m/nth roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions || Vectors too
Arith. Skill Check+Answers
Calculus Prep/Preview
What is a Variable
Why study slopes
Why factor polynomials
Complex Numbers
Limits + Continuity

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