Original Site Title: Appetizers and Lessons for Mathematics and Reason, June 1995 to April 2012. New site title:
Logic and Mathematics Skill & Concept Development with How-TOs Français: 26 pages
for college students, gifted teens, home-tutoring and K1-12 schooling. Avid readers in school and out may like Site Volumes.

Logic 5 Chapters Arithmetic 10 Steps Algebra 12 Starter Steps & 5 Advanced Steps
Work & Study 23 Tips Geometry 15 Steps Calculus 70 Lessons. See Site Map

Ages 15+: Why study slopes Polynomials Quadratics Why factor polynomials Logarithms Functions
What is similarity Euclidean geometry leanly Coordinates + complex no.s Vectors DC Electric Circuits
Ages 12+: Prime factorization Written work formats Decimal place value Extend arithmetic skills orally
What is a variable 5. Fraction Operations by Raising Terms Solving Linear Equations: Take I Take II


Online Volumes: 1 - Elements of Reason, 2 - 3 Skills For Algebra, 3 - Why Slopes and
More Math
, 1A - Pattern Based Reason, 1B - Skill Development Principles + Troubles

Welcome: Site content may develop critical thinking, improve reading and writing, and build mathematics skills. See online chapters on on logic and pattern based reason.

Teachers: This December 2011, 5-phase framework offers a context for mathematics & logic instruction. Phases 1 to 3 focus on skills with actual or potential value for adult & daily life. College-oriented phases 5 & 4 focus on calculus & preparation for it. Phases 1 to 4 may also serve trades & professions not dependent on calculus.

Site Review: Math resources ... span ... arithmetic, logic, algebra, calculus, complex numbers, and Euclidean geometry. Lessons and how-tos .... provide a good foundation for high school and college ... mathematics. Read more.

Home < francais < Volume 1A Regles et modeles << chapitre 01 00 Introduction

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Chapitre 1 Introduction

Le fait de raisonner, signifie, souvent de persuader quelqu’un du besoin d’une idée ou d’une action. Dans ce dernier cas, raisonner peut signifiez, suivre une ligne ou modèle de pensée pour arriver à une conclusion, une action ou une décision.

La persuasion ou la raison peuvent prendre plusieurs formes. Il y a des façons justes et injustes de persuasion. Il y en a des raisonnables et des absurdes toutes à la fois. Les méthodes visant à arriver à des conclusions et des jugements dans toutes les disciplines sont, ou devraient l’être lorsque possible, basées sur l’utilisation et la reconnaissance de règles fiables et de modèles. Là où il y a une présentation d’idées, il y a un élément de raison ou de persuasion.

La raison et la persuasion se retrouvent à la maison, dans les médias imprimés et télédiffusés, dans la classe et dans le milieu de travail. La raison basée sur les règles, décrites à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur des mathématiques. La reconnaissance des règles et modèles, des méthodes des résultats susceptibles d’être respectés, reproductibles et de ce fait vérifiables, fournit une base pour les sciences, la technologie et même la comptabilité.

Les premiers chapitres sur la raison présentent deux énigmes logiques pour démontrer comment les règles et modèles peuvent être utilisés pour en venir des conclusions ou à des jugements dans tous les sujets, mathématique ou pas. Logos est le mot grec pour pensée. Les énigmes démontrent le besoin et ainsi renforcent l’habilité à lire précisément et à saisir les énoncés des règles, modèles, instructions et définitions.

Les deux énigmes logiques en particulier démontrent la différence entre les règles d’implication unidirectionnelles et bidirectionnelles.

Une règle d’implication unidirectionnelle dit que lorsqu’un évènement survient, ainsi l’autre le devrait. Une règle d’implication bidirectionnelle dit que lorsqu’un ou l’autre des deux évènements survient alors l’autre le doit aussi. La terminologie des règles d’implication unidirectionnelles ou bidirectionnelles semble être nouvelle dans ce livre. Il s’agit là d’un remplacement en bon langage pour les deux termes plus traditionnels conditionnel et biconditionnel. Lors d’un cours en 1988, tout en parlant d’implications et d’énoncés conditionnels, une élève, judicieusement nommée Flo, empruntait les expressions : directes et à deux sens, réciproques, par analogie à la direction de la circulation.

Le fait de ne pas voir la différence entre les implications ou les suggestions unidirectionnelles et bidirectionnelles devient une source de confusion et de fausses attentes dans la vie, soit les milieux des contrats, des consignes et des techniques.

La reconnaissance de la différence entre les règles directionnelles ou bidirectionnelles fournit un premier pas pour maîtriser la pensée basée sur les règles et modèles. Voyant jusqu’à quel point les règles et modèles peuvent être utilisés une à la fois ou l’une après l’autre pour en arriver à des conclusions, cela apporte un autre pas. Dans les cours de mathématiques, la logique est souvent perçue comme la description algébrique ou symbolique et comme analyse des méthodes basées sur les règles et modèles utilisés dans les disciplines (math) pour en arriver aux conclusions. Certaines méthodes des règles et modèles se sont développées en réponse aux besoins pour atteindre la conclusion des mathématiques.

Les derniers chapitres de ce travail introduisent la description symbolique ou algébrique. La description emploie de façon innovatrice les notions simples d’une règle, c’est-à-dire, obéies, désobéies, ou pas obéies, ou jamais obéies, pour clarifier la description technique (table-description) des implications unidirectionnelles (matérielles)

Le tout dernier chapitre décrit les chaînes de raison et de persuasion unidirectionnelles et bidirectionnelles rencontrées dans les preuves mathématiques. Les méthodes bidirectionnelles sont aussi utiles possiblement dans la rédaction et la résolution d’histoires de détectives et de mystères.

Dans tous les domaines d’enquêtes et d’effort, les principaux obstacles à l’utilisation des règles et modèles fiables pour arriver à des conclusions reposent premièrement dans leur identification et deuxièmement dans l’identification d’informations fiables à utiliser avec elles. Afin de comprendre et de se charger de ces obstacles, une connaissance des origines des règles et structures dans le quotidien de la vie est requise. Il en va de même en sciences et la technologie. Les sciences, l’ingénierie et la technologie ont des méthodes empiriques, c'est-à-dire basées sur l’expérience, afin de se charger ou de faire échouer les deux obstacles. Ici, les règles, modèles et procédures qui donnent des résultats reproductibles et susceptibles d’être répétés semblent être les plus fiables et fidèles, quoique pas toujours optimales. Certaines règles et modèles semblent être plus fiables ou certains que d’autres, mais rien n’est certain.

Teachers & Tutors: Site pages offer better or best practices for providing skills - simpler than expected & comprehensive but for exercises. For your charges, your duty is to study them alone or in groups and develop skill building exercises & activities to share. Start now. The effort here is the best I can do. Others are welcome to refine or exceed it. Please do.

Secondary Mathematics for Ages 11+, A Practical Approach for home-tutoring or -schooling, or for schools & colleges with local curriculum control. Study how to include site content - its skill development how-TOs and innovations into present or future lesson plans - some reading required.

Road Safety Messages and Questions: When and why should you face traffic when walking along a road or cycle path? Is it a good idea to hang limbs outside of cars etc? What gives more protection in a crash: a car, motorbike or bicycle? See too, the BBC-Belgium story Texting and Driving - texting & the impossible test - the article links to a gruesome utube video on the subject

The Logic of Injustice: How Texas sent an innocent man to his death - The wrong Carlos. Some judgments are irreversible. Procescution: Where and when prosectors play to win rather than for justice, guilt beyond a reasonable doubt goes unrespected due to prosecutors who putting winning first, those innocence before the law may be convicted. Some procescutors offices in continuing to accuse after a pardon due to reasonable doubt or innocent being shown, may sucessfully oppose compensaton for false convictions by asserting a pardon individual is still under suspicion. Then the pardoned individual or the latter's estate is not compensation for years or decade of improper or false imprisonment, or for execution. Site chapters on Logic
and some in Pattern Based Reason may slowly lead to greater precision in reading, applying and writing laws.

May 2012, Composition Starting: Pre-School and Primary Mathematics - Quantitative Skills, An Intellectual View, Feedback Welcome:

The 8 Most Popular Site Inlinks

20 Times Table - the most popular site page - popular pages - unexpected.
Fractions & Ratios - with lesson on raising terms to introduce & justify times, division & comparison as well addition & subtraction
Parent Center - See below
Volume 1, Elements of Reason - Intro to all site books.
What is a Variable - best for ages 13+
Written work formats for Arithmetic and Algebra - a skill method and standard!
Complex Numbers Visually - best for ages 13+
Natural Logs, Exponentials, Powers, Roots

Division of Labour: This site offers advice and directions with pointers to resources elsewhere, if known, when they help or lessen the need to write more.

Parent Center: Help your child or teen learn:

Parent-friendly Work Booklets for ages 3+ to 13 Use these or others to check or build skills. Other booklets are available but these booklets allow parents unsure of themselves in mathematics to help their children. The selection acquired in Canada is published in the USA. So it has a US orientation. In retrospect, the selection shows parents what to check with the booklets or by other ways, the choice is theirs. But in retrospect, the selection does not cover integral and fractions liquid weights and measures - ask the publishers to correct that! For ages 9 to 12 say, parents may compensate by showing boys and girls how to use weights or mass, and further measures in food preparation. Beyond that children may be shown how to measure and calculate angles, lengths and areas [proportional amounts too] directly or by using maps and plans drawns to scale. Learning how to gather and measure all the ingredients, pots and pans for a dish or a meal, along with cleaning up sets the stage for like activities or experiments in science courses, and in developing organizational skills, gives boys and girls a head start. Good luck. At the other extreme, more comprehensive than light, if your motto is McCainian: drill, drill, drill then Toronto mathematician and actor John Mighton's jump math organization has jump math workbooks for at least grades 3 to 8 for at-home and in-school use - training sessions for teachers available. Jump math has been expanding to cover older students. Jump Math Samples: plus Fractions for Grades 3-4 & Grades 5-6 [Read] Free Resources grades 1 to 8 [unread - likely to be good]. and

Mathematics Skills For Ages 3 to 14 - technical!

Skills with take home value - A few ideas

Basic skills include time-date-calendar Matters; money matters; map, plan and scale diagram matters;counting, measuring and figuring; decision making with logic and likelyhood; being careful and being aware of the domino effect of mistakes; reading and writing with precision.

Is your child able to add, subtract and multiply amounts of money, work with fractions, work with clocks and calendars, work with maps and plans, and measure length, weight-mass and volume? Schools may promote your son or daughter without providing basic skills in reading, writing and arithmetic.

Arithmetic and Number Theory Skills

Algebra Starter Lessons

1 Working With Sets
2 Formula Forward Use - Evaluation
3 Solving Linear Equations - Skip first step with students able to solve 1 eqn in 1 unknown.
4 Computation Rules and Function Notation
5 Real Numbers
6 More Less Greater Than Inequalities and Comparison
7 Axioms Logic and Equivalent Equations
8 Unifying Theme For Algebra
9 Proportionality Backwards and Forwards
10 Examples of Algebraic Reasoning
A Origins of Counting and Figuring Methods
B Real Numbers Extrinsic Development


Site coverage of formuala evaluation format, of computation rules and axioms, and of the forward and backward use of formulas and proportionality relations lessens the amount of natural talent needed to understand and explain algebra.

Geometry - maps plans trigonometry vectors

1 Maps Plans Measurement
2 Euclidean Geometry - Constructions + extras
3 Cartesian and Polar Coordinates
4 Lines and Slopes Take 1
5 What is Similarity
6 Trigonometry first steps
7 Complex Numbers
8 Unit-Circle Trigonometry
9 Lines and Slopes Take 2 with tangent function
10 Intersecting Straight Lines and Transversals
11 Parallel Straight Lines and Transversals
12 Function Translating and Rescaling
13 Vectors
14 Degrees to Radians and Radians to Degrees
15 Arc or Inverse Trigonometric Function

Pre-Teen and young teen mastery of skills and practices which should be common with map-plans-diagrams drawn to scale, contour interpretation included, has actual or potential take-home value for daily- and adult-life in solving routine problems. Elevating some practices to principles, axioms or postualates, provides a base for analytic and Euclidean geometry, an analytic view of similarity, and an efficient mastery of trigonometry and complex numbers. Right triangle trigonometry provide an analytic alternative to solving geometric problems by drawing diagrams to scale.

More Algebra

Natural-Logarithms Exponentials Powers Roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions
5 Factored Polynomial Sign Analysis Examples
Rewriting algebraic substitution as function substitutions

The first topic leads to a full high school level theory for the forward and backward mastery of growth and decay models and for definition, range and domains of radicals, roots and powers. The next two topics make quadratics and polynomials easier to learn and teach. Site coverage of functions turns vertical and horizontal line rules into computation methods for evaluating functions.

70 Calculus Starter Lessons

Calculus Lessons Elsewhere:

  1. How to Ace Calculus: Street Wise Guide - Mostly Text.

  2. Flash Video for Calculus Phobics

They cover basic topics in ways likely to complement your notes, your textbooks and site material. When Goldilocks trespassed in the house of the three bears, she found three bowls of porridge, two not to her liking, and one just right. Different bears have different tastes. As invited guest here and elsewhere, if one or more explanations is not to liking, try another. It may be better or just right.

Unsolicited Advice

Learning to do and high marks if it comes to easy is often deceptive - light rather than deep. For that reason, students with learning difficulties determined not to let it get in their way may go deeper and farther than those with none. High marks, if the come easy, may be deceptive - provide a too light and not a deep mastery. That could have been your problem in secondary school, one that leads to comprehension shock or difficulties in calculus and more generally in the first year of college. Bon Appetite.


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Home < francais < Volume 1A Regles et modeles << chapitre 01 00 Introduction

[1][2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]


Logic-Reason for all
Careful Thinking
Chains of Reason
Mathematical Induction
Responsibility
Bodies-of-Knowledge

Arithmetic - Ages 10+
1. Deciml Place Value - fun
2. Decimals for Tutors
3. Prime Factors - quickly
4. Fractions + Ratios
5. Arith with units - science

Geometry
1 Maps + Plans Use
2 Euclidean Geometry
3 Rct +Polr Coordinates
4 Lines-Slopes [I]
5. What is Similarity
Algebra Starters - the base
1. Better Work Format
2. Solve Linear Eqns
3. Computation Rules
4. Axioms, Item 3 Viewpnt
5. Formulas Backwards
More Algebra
Logarithms-ax & m/nth roots
Five Polynomial Operations
Quadratics Geometrically
Functions || Vectors too
Arith. Skill Check+Answers
Calculus Prep/Preview
What is a Variable
Why study slopes
Why factor polynomials
Complex Numbers
Limits + Continuity

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